History
Formation
Originally a kind of federal departments & possibly a navy performed the function which CCG does now. Below Confederation in 1867, a federal government set numerous of a responsibilities for maintaining helps to navigation (primarily beacon light at the instance), marine safety, & research & deliverance under the Marine Service of the Department of Marine and Fisheries, by having a few responsibility for lakes resting with a Canal Branch of the Department of Railways and Canals. This service was provided per Marine Branch & would late get a CCG.

When a Department of Marine & Piscary was split into separate departments inside 1936, the Department continued to choose responsibility for the federal government's coastal protection services. In a period of time of a inter-war period, the Royal Canadian Navy also performed similar duties at the time whenever a navy was wavering between becoming a civilian organization. The government reorganization inside 1936 saw a Department of Marine & its Marine Service, along by using many more authority, folded into the newly Department of Transport.

Inside 1958, the St. Lawrence Seaway opened, changing the shipping industry throughout eastern Canada and requiring an expanded federal government role in the Great Lakes and the Atlantic coast. In the late 1950s, it was decided to consolidate the duties of the Marine Service of the Department of Transfer & in January 28, 1962 the Canadian Coast Guard was formed as a subsidiary of DOT. One of a extra notable inheritances was a icebreaker Labrador, transferred from the Navy.

Expansion years
a period of expansion followed a creation of CCG between the 1960s to the 1980s. A out-of-date ships CCG inherited from either a Marine Service were scheduled for replacement, along by using 12 of recently ships for the expanding role of the organization. Built under a complementary national shipbuilding policy which saw a CCG contracts attend American shipyards, the freshly ships were delivered throughout this "Golden Age" of the organization.

Additionally to expanded geographic responsibilities around a Groovy Streams, lakes, & wells throughout, a rise in coastal and ocean transport ranged from either recently mining shipments like Labrador iron ore, to increased lading treating at the united states's major ports, & Arctic development & sovereignty patrols - 100% requiring extra ships & aircraft. the federal government besides began to prepare a series of CCG bases touching major ports & transport routes throughout southern Canada.

A expansion of the CCG fleet mandatory newly navigation & engineering officers, besides when crewmembers. To meet a previous requirement, within 1965 the Canadian Coast Guard College (CCGC) opened on the former navy base at Point Edward, Nova Scotia on Sydney Harbour, Cape Breton Island (HMCS Point Edward). Per late 1970s the college had outgrown the irregular navy facilities & a fresh campus was opened in the adjacent community of Westmount in 1981.

When you took a mid-1980s at a instance of increased nationalism ensuing a blatant 1985 violation of Canadian sovereignty in the Northwest Passage by the USCGC Polar Sea, the Conservative administration of Brian Mulroney announced plans to build several tremendous icebreakers, a Polar 8 class which would exist as utilized primarily for sovereignty patrols.

Unluckily a projected Polar 8 class was abandoned when you took a late 1980s as part of general government budget cuts; in their place the program of vessel modernizations was instituted. Extra budget cuts to CCG in the mid-1990s following a vary within government saw numbers of of CCG's older vessels built when you took a Sixties & Seventies retired.

In the 1990s-2000s, CCG modernized part of its SAR fleet when ordering British Royal National Lifeboat Institution (RNLI)-designed ARUN-class high endurance lifeboat cutters for open coastal areas, and a USCG-designed 47-foot Cape-class (CCG designation) medium endurance lifeboat cutters for the Wonderful Streams, lakes, & wells throughout and additional sheltered coastal areas.

Bureaucratic oversight
From either its formation around 1962 until 1995, CCG was a responsibility of the Department of Conveyance. Two a department & CCG divided up complementary responsibilities related to marine safety, whereby DOT got responsibility for implementing transport policy, regulations & safety review, & CCG was operationally responsible navigation safety & SAR, among others.

As punishment a 1994 budget, a federal government announced that it was transferring responsbility for CCG from either the Department of Conveyance to the Department of Fisheries and Oceans. A understanding for placing CCG under DFO was seemingly to achieve dollars and cents by amalgamating them big civilian vessel fleets in a federal government under one department.

Arising away from this arrangement, CCG became at long last responsible crewing, operating, & maintaining a big fleet - each the original CCG fleet prior to 1995 of dedicated SAR vessels, NAVAID tenders, and multi-purpose icebreakers along by using DFO's little fleet of research project & piscary enforcement vessels, totally forgoing any increase withwithin budget - in fact a overall budget for CCG was decreased fallowing ingesting a DFO patrol & scientific vessels.

Unluckily there were good stumbling stops arising away from this reorganization, videlicet inside the different management practises & differences in organisational culture at DFO, versus DOT. DFO is dedicated to conservation & protection of fish across enforcement whereas CCG's primary ''raison five hundred'etre'' is marine safety & SAR. There were valid concerns raised in CCG just about reluctance on the a portion of the marine community to ask for assistance from either CCG SAR vessels, since CCG was existence take for aligned by using an enforcement department. In the early 2000s, the federal government began to investigate the possibility of making CCG as a separate professional, thereby non fall into a specific functional department & allowing for other operational independence.

Around one of many reorganization moves of a federal ministries as punishment the swearing-around of prime minister Paul Martin's administration on December 12, 2003, several policy/regulatory responsibilities were transferred from CCG to the Department of Transport to provide Canadians with a single point of contact for issues related to marine safety and security, although CCG would maintain operational responsibility for some of these tasks. A listing involved: Canada Transport Act Pleasure craft safety Marine navigation services Pollution bar & response Navigable waters protection "Receiver of Wreck"

Eventually, in April 4, 2005 it was announced by the Minister of Fisheries and Oceans that CCG was being redesignated the "special operating agency" - a big of these in the federal government. Although CCG however fall into a ministerial responsibility of a Minister of Piscary & Oceans, it hevery bit additional autonomy in which these are non as tightly integrated in the department.

An case existence that today everthing CCG bases, helps to navigation, vessels, aircraft, & personnel come entirely a responsibility of the Commissioner of the American Coast Guard. the Commissioner is around-turn, supported per CCG headquarters which prepare a budget for the organization. A arrangement is non unlike a relationship of the Royal Canadian Mounted Police toward that organization's parent department, the Department of Public Safety and Emergency Preparedness.

A favorite operating professional reorganization is different from either a past under two DOT & DFO in which regional director generals for these departments were responsible CCG operations inside their various regions. Okay, completely operations of CCG is directed per commissioner & CCG in the regions. This management & fiscal flexibility is existence enhanced by an increased budget for CCG to get fresh vessels & more plus to assist within its growing role of helping to assure nautical security, although CCG may non become usurping a traditional role of the Canadian Navy.

CCG might however provide a vessel & crew trend lines for DFO's piscary science, conservation, & protection requirements. Alas the changes inside making CCG a favorite in operation professional under DFO don't location a bit of of the key concerns raised by an tons-person Parliamentary committee investigating low moral among CCG employees since a transport from either DOT to DFO & budget cuts since 1995. the committee experienced recommended that CCG get the separate professional under DOT & that its role exist as changed to a paramilitary organization included around nautical security by arming its vessels sustaining deck guns, similar to the United States Coast Guard and that employees be given peace officer status for enforcing federal laws on the oceans and Great Lakes.

Non-military
Unlike the U.S. Coast Guard (USCG), CCG is a civilian organisation. None of CCG's personnel occurs as lawman. Enforcing & protecting Canada's nautical sovereignty occurs as military project & a complete responsibility of Canada's navy, Canadian Forces Maritime Command.

A enforcement of laws around Canada's territorial sea is the responsibility of Canada's federal law, a Royal Canadian Mounted Police (RCMP) as 100% ocean waters inside Canada come considered federal jurisdiction. Saltwater piscary enforcement occurs as specific responsibility of DFO's piscary officers.

Note that a Great Lakes come non coastal waters & are so not a portion of the territorial sea - so certain laws on the American side of the US-Canada border in the Great Streams, lakes, and wells throughout can be enforced per Ontario Provincial Police or municipal police forces, although enforcing any federal laws within these waters come however a ultimate responsibility of the RCMP.

Command structure
CCG's command structure is too reflective of its non-military role. A head of CCG is known as a "Commissioner of the Canadian Coast Guard"; a term "commissioner" is when well utilized as a title for the senior commanding officer of the RCMP. A CCG bureaucracy supports many functional departments which are then outlined when follows:

Swift Directorate Marine Computer program Directorate Integrated Business Management Directorate

CCG as a whole is divided into 5 regions:

Newfoundland Region Maritimes Region Laurentian Region Telephone exchange & Arctic Region Pacific Region

Bases
CCG maintains the total of major bases & in operation locations/stations on the Atlantic & Pacific coasts, besides when in the St. Lawrence Flow of any stream, Smashing Streams, lakes, & wells throughout and major navigable inland lakes like Lake of the Woods, Lake Winnipeg, and Great Slave Lake/Mackenzie River.

Presently, no vessels for good depending inside the eastern Arctic, although CCG vessels & aircraft ofttimes work there, staging away from bases on the Atlantic coast & supported by the base in Iqaluit, Nunavut.

Newfoundland Region CCG Base St. John's, St. John's, Newfoundland and Labrador CCG Station St. Anthony, St. Anthony, Newfoundland and Labrador CCG Station Larboard au Choix, Port au Choix, Newfoundland and Labrador CCG Station Lark Harbour, Lark Harbour, Newfoundland and Labrador CCG Station Burgeo, Burgeo, Newfoundland and Labrador CCG Station Burin, Burin, Newfoundland and Labrador

Maritimes Region CCG Base Charlottetown, Charlottetown, Prince Edward Island CCG Base Dartmouth, Dartmouth, Nova Scotia CCG Base Saint John, Saint John, New Brunswick CCG Station Shippagan, Shippagan, New Brunswick CCG Station Summerside, Summerside, Prince Edward Island CCG Station Souris, Souris, Prince Edward Island CCG Station Louisbourg, Louisbourg, Nova Scotia CCG Station Bickerton, Bickerton East, Nova Scotia CCG Station Sambro, Sambro, Nova Scotia CCG Station Clark's Harbour, Clark's Harbour, Nova Scotia CCG Station Westport, Westport, Nova Scotia

Laurentian Region CCG Base Québec, Québec, Québec CCG Station Sorel, Sorel, Quebec CCG Station Tadoussac, Tadoussac, Quebec CCG Station Sept-Iles, Sept-Iles, Quebec CCG Station Havre-Saint-Pierre, Havre-Saint-Pierre, Quebec CCG Station Rivière au Renard, Rivière au Renard, Quebec CCG Station Cap-Aux-Meules, Cap-Aux-Meules, Quebec CCG Station Grande-Rivière, Grande-Rivière, Quebec CCG Station Paspébiac, Paspébiac, Quebec CCG Station Cap Brulé, Cap Brulé, Quebec CCG Station Rivière Richelieu, Saint-Jean, Quebec CCG Station Trois Rivieres, Trois Rivieres, Quebec

Exchange & Arctic Region CCG Base Parry Healthy, Parry Sound, Ontario CCG Base Prescott, Prescott, Ontario CCG Base Sarnia, Sarnia, Ontario CCG Base Sault Ste Marie, Sault Ste. Marie, Ontario CCG Base Thunder Bay, Thunder Bay, Ontario CCG Base Iqaluit, Iqaluit, Nunavut CCG Base Hay Flow of any stream, Hay River, Northwest Territories CCG Base Selkirk, Selkirk, Manitoba CCG Sub-Base Amherstburg, Amherstburg, Ontario CCG Sub-Base Kenora, Kenora, Ontario CCG Station Cobourg, Cobourg, Ontario CCG Station Burlington, Burlington, Ontario CCG Station Port Dover, Port Dover, Ontario CCG Station Tobermory, Tobermory, Ontario CCG Station Meaford, Meaford, Ontario

Pacific Region CCG Base Sea Island, Vancouver, British Columbia CCG Base Victoria, Victoria, British Columbia CCG Base Seal Cove, Prince Rupert, British Columbia CCG Station Campbell Flow of any stream, Campbell River, British Columbia CCG Station Tofino, Tofino, British Columbia CCG Station Port Healthy, Port Hardy, British Columbia

Vessels
A Fleet Directorate is responsible completely ships & their manning requirements. Virtually all vessels use at times between Five-30+ crewmembers. CCG as a integer just about 2,000 personnel.

Altogether CCG vessels come painted uniformly no matter of their apply. It is characterized by the red hull & whiten superstructure, designed to look prefer the "floating Canadian flag". the hull bears a 75-degree whiten stripe, similar to the markings in USCG vessels. Ship nameplates come generally affixed to the superstructure & vessels come often known as for even even souls or stores of historic (or geographic) significance.

From either a 1960s-1990s, CCG did experiment by owning painting primary SAR vessels around the colour scheme by using the yellow superstructure & red hull, intended to distinguish the children from either navaid tenders & icebreakers, & besides to improve their visibility on the open ocean with the breaking waves environment. In todays world a simply identifying markings for primary SAR vessels is the big RESCUE-SAUVETAGE inscription on the superstructure.

A prefix "Canadian Coast Guard Ship", abbreviated CCGS, is affixed to any major vessel. Many minor vessels like patrol ship & life boats carry a prefix "Canadian Coast Guard Cutter", abbreviated CCGC.

A names of various classes of CCG vessels includes:

Heavily Gulf Icebreaker CCGS Louis S. St-Laurent CCGS Terry Fox

Medium Gulf/River Icebreaker CCGS Des Groseilliers CCGS Henry Larsen CCGS Pierre Radisson CCGS Sir John Franklin

Lightly Icebreaker - Major Navaids Tender CCGS Ann Harvey CCGS Edward Cornwallis CCGS George R. Pearkes CCGS Griffon CCGS J.E. Bernier CCGS Martha L. Black CCGS Sir Wilfrid Laurier CCGS Sir William Alexander

Medium Navaids Caring - Weak Icebreaker CCGS Earl Grey CCGS Samuel Risley

Ice Reinforced Medium Navaids Tender CCGS Bartlett CCGS Provo Wallis CCGS Simcoe CCGS Tracy

Offshore The food and drug administration & Survey CCGS John P. Tully CCGS Hudson CCGS Parizeau

Offshore Ice Nature and severity Multi Patrol Vessel CCGS Cygnus CCGS Leonard J. Cowley CCGS Sir Wilfred Grenfell

Offshore Multi Project Patrol Vessel CCGS Cape Roger

Offshore Piscary Research ALFRED NEEDLER TELEOST W.E. RICKER WILFRED TEMPLEMAN

Seaward Search & Survey REVISOR

Coastal Locate & Survey LIMNOS LOUIS M. LAUZIER MATTHEW R.B.YOUNG VECTOR

Little Navaids Tender NAMAO CARIBOU ISLE COVE ISLE GULL ISLE ÎLE DES BARQUES ÎLE SAINT-OURS PARTRIDGE ISLAND TSEKOA II TRAVERSE

Favorite Flow of any stream Navaids Tender DUMIT ECKALOO NAHIDIK TEMBAH

Seaward Piscary Research CALANUS II J.L. HART NAVICULA OPILIO PANDALUS III SHAMOOK HARK

Medium Multi Project (Patrol) Cutter ARROW POST E.P. LE QUÉBÉCOIS GORDON REID LOUISBOURG TANU

Little Multi Project Ice Strengthened Cutter HARP

Little Multi Project Cutter ADVENT ATLIN POST CAPE HURD COMOX POST CUMELLA ISLE ROUGE KITIMAT II POINT HENRY POINT RACE SOOKE POST

Multi Project Lifeboat CG 141 KESTREL PORT HARDY SOURIS TOBERMORY WESTFORT CAP GOÉLANDS

Multi Project High Endurance Lifeboat BICKERTON CAP AUX MEULES CLARKS HARBOUR SAMBRO SPINDRIFT SPRAY COURTENAY BAY WESTPORT W.G. GEORGE W. JACKMAN

Multi Project Medium Endurance Lifeboat CGR 100 CAPE SUTIL CAPE CALVERT CAPE ST-JAMES THUNDER CAPE CAPE MERCY CAPE LAMBTON

Seaward Multi Project Patrol Vessel 6C-4828 W. FERGUSON A.H. CHEVARIE AQUARIEL ARCADIE CAPE LIGHT HOWE POINT NORTH BAR OTTER BAY CG 117 CG 118 TUEBOR

SWATH Survey & Sounding CCGC Frederick G Creed

Multi Hulled Survey & Sounding GC-03 F.C.G. SMITH

Little Multi Project Utility Craft WAUBUNO BITTERN CG 119 MALLARD OSPREY SKUA SORA STERNE

Air Cushion Vehicle WABAN-AKI SIPU MUIN SIYAY CG-045

Little Seaward Navaids Tender FRANK M. WESTON

Hydrographic Locate Trend lines Barge

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Aircraft
Additionally to various bases located around deep the water supply ports, rescue stations in smaller minor ports, & its fleet of vessels, CCG besides operates a little total of eggbeater & fixed-wing aircraft. A previous come primarily utilized for icebreaking surveillance around wintertime & service helps to navigation withinside summertime when a latter come utilized primarily in pollution surveillance patrols. A majority of CCG aircraft come stationed at municipal airdrome placed touching major CCG bases & come primarily located in eastern Canada, given a absence of icebreaking spotter requirements for the west coast.

When using any government vessels existence required to assist a Canadian Navy, government civilian aircraft such as CCG aircraft can be required at anytime to assist a Canadian Air Force as well.

Eurocopter BO 105 Bell 212 Bell 206 Sikorsky S-61N

Canadian Coast Guard Auxiliary
A American Coast Guard Auxiliary (CCGA), erst a American Marine deliverance Auxiliary (CMRA), occurs when nonprofit organization of volunteer amateur boaters & commercial fishermen world health organization help CCG using research & rescue also as yachting safety education. CCGthe members world health organization help within SAR operations keep around their vessel insurance covered by CCG, likewise when any fuel & operating costs associated by using a particular tasking.

A CCGA permits CCG to provide marine SAR coverage inside numerous isolated areas of Canada's coastlines while forgoing getting to maintawithin an active base and/or vessels in victims areas.